photo.graph.art.design

 Digital Single-Lens Reflex Cameras or Digital Single-Lens Mirrorless Cameras are the most used professional cameras today. Study the PDF below For academic Purposes only Photography: DSLR | DSLM Cameras PDF DSLR Camera, as against compact/point and shoot camera, is bigger and more efficient. It has interchangeable lens; and the camera body houses the image sensor. It has a mirror that reflects the light/image to the pentaprism and then to the viewfinder. DSLM cameras are a relatively recent addition to the professional camera world. DSLM cameras have done away with the mirror and the prism unit; this making the camera more compact. Understanding DSLR Camera 

  Camera Obscura Effect The concept of photography began with idea of Camera Obscura. Aristotle (384-322 BC) had spoken about it as a philosophical idea, but never went on to build one. Study the PDF below For Academic purposes only Photography: Brief History PDF Pinhole Camera The first photographic equipment was the pinhole camera. It is a simple camera/box/chamber (light=proof box) without a lens but with a tiny aperture/opening. Invented in the 10 th century, by Ibn al-Haitham (Egyptian Scientist). Here the Light from a scene passes through the aperture and projects an inverted image on the opposite side of the box, which is known as the camera obscura effect. Camera Obscura A pinhole camera with a lens for its tiny opening. Artists used it to get the shape and proportion of images right. Scientists kept discovering and using better optics and lenses to manipulate the image. Images kept improving, but not able to retain images permanently.     First...

  Photography is drawing with light.  If you miss light you miss photography.  Photography is seizing the moment. One must be at the right place at the right time. The photographer must anticipate action by constant observing; And wait for action with patience. Photography Beginning Study the PDF below (only for academic use) Photography: Introduction PDF Photography means “ drawing with light ”. From the Greek words phos , (phōtós) meaning “light”, and graphê meaning “drawing or writing”. Coined by the British scientist Sir John Herschel in 1839. Photography combines two distinct sciences Optics: to gather and converge light rays to form an image inside a camera/box Chemistry: to enable that image to get recorded permanently onto a photosensitive (light-sensitive) surface. A photograph has Format - JPEG, TIFF, RAW, etc. Aspect Ratio - 16:9, 6:4, 1:1, etc. Orientation - Landscape, Portrait. Image Resolution/Quality - Mega Pixels (1MP = 1million pixels ...

  Using lights and accessories (often channelising natural lights )  to illuminate some specific areas ,  create shadows at other areas,  and bring the overall light on a scene to an intensity level  at which the cameras can generate  optimal , beautiful and meaningful visuals. Photographic lighting There are many ways to light to your subject. Study the PDF below (for academic use only) Photography Lighting PDF Lighting patters as per the placement of the lights Three Point Lighting: Key light, Fill light and Back light.      High-key Lighting & Low-key Lighting      Broad lighting & Short Lighting      Loop Lighting      Split Lighting      Butterfly Lighting      Clamshell Lighting      Rembrandt Lighting Lights and Equipments      Lighting Equipments     L ight modifier...

  Light makes Photography. Embrace light. Admire it. Love it. But above all, know light. … and you will know the key to photography . - George Eastman Lighting Study the PDF below (only for academic use) Understanding Light PDF CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHT Direction:  Where is the light coming from –front? Side? Behind? Top Intensity: How bright is each light source? How close is the light source? Hardness:  What do the edges of the shadows look like?  Contrast:  Is the transition from the highlights to the shadows subtle or sudden? How do the highlights transition into the shadows. The brightest areas of the image are the  highlights . The darkest areas are the  shadows . In between, the image will have, midtones.   Colour:  What colour is the light—white, red, blue…? Colour can affect the mood and meaning of the images

  Mode dial or camera dial is a dial used on digital cameras to change the camera's mode of shoot. One can choose to shoot on fully auto mode to semi auto mode to fully manual mode. More professional the camera you get lesser and lesser automatic options on the mode dial. Mode Dial Study the PDF below (for academic use only) Mode Dial PDF The mode dial on digital cameras offers photographers a range of options to control the various settings and capture images tailored to their desired artistic vision or shooting scenario. From fully automatic modes to manual modes that provide granular control over exposure parameters, the mode dial serves as the gateway to unlocking the creative potential of the camera. This essay delves into the intricacies of camera mode dials, exploring their various modes and their applications in different photographic situations. There are automatic and manual options of shooting mode.  Auto Mode. Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the ...

 Exposure is uncovering –here it is the uncovering the image sensor to light. Exposure is the amount of light that is allowed to reach the camera sensor. Exposure is the brightness of an image . According to the degree of exposure we call an image underexposed (less light) overexposed (more light) Exposure in photography is determined by   how much of time the image sensor is kept open ( Shutter speed )   how much of light is allowed to hit the image sensor ( Aperture )   and how sensitive is the image sensor to light ( ISO ). The task is to get  optimal exposure . How do we achieve optimal exposure? Study the PDF below (for academic use only) Photography: Exposure Triangle PDF   ISO is the sensitivity of the image sensor towards light while picture is taken. The unit of measurement is 'numbers'. Lesser the ISO number, lesser the sensitivity of the image sensor to light. Therefore less brightness.  Shutter speed is the durati...

  Photography composition or framing is the process of Selection of a subject, placement of the subject, and choice of background. Photography composition  Study the  PDF below (to be used for educational purposes only) Photography Composition PDF Composition is the result of a series of aesthetic decisions that a photographer makes   1.     Selection of subject What is the Focal point? Where do you want the eyes of the viewers to repeatedly come back to? Where do you want the eyes of the viewers to rest? What is the element you don’t want your viewers to miss? What do you want the viewers to call your image? 2.     Choice of background Background enhances the subject. Background simplifies the frame. Background minimalises the frame. Background qualifies the subject.   3.     Placement of subject There are ample guidelines to make the placement magical. Rule of Thirds/One Third line Middle li...

 Depth of Field is the area of clear vision of the camera. Depth of field is defined as the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image. So, basically it's that which is in focus. Depth of Field Study the PDF below (to be used for educational purposes only) Depth of Field/Focus PDF There are basically two kinds of depths of field. 1.       Deep or broad depth of Field 2.       Shallow or narrow depth of field We can divide the visual field of a camera into three with reference to distance, namely, foreground, middle ground and background. When all the three grounds are clearly visible it is called deep/broad depth of field. When only one, or not all the grounds, among the three grounds is clearly visible it is called shallow/narrow depth of field. Deep Depth of Field Documentary photographs and news journalistic photographs are mostly taken with deep depth of field. The truth telling capa...

Scaly-Breasted Munia, Spotted Munia  Seeing a scaly-breasted munia, with mechanical precision, gathering pieces of grass and going up the ornamental arecanut tree, raised my curiosity. I followed the munia, and to my surprise, it was building its nest there. It was in-between the trunk of the tree and its large leaf. Considering the size of the bird, it was an ambitious project –a big nest, with a round opening to its side. Scaly-breasted Munia makes a large grass wrapped nest with a small opening to the side I hanged around with my camera. I whistled and made my presence known. Then I knew that there were two of them. Both came out on to the edge of the leaf and sat for a while, partly resting, partly watching me and the long lens.  Then it resumed its work, not a bit distracted by my presence. Occasionally it would sit down with the calmness of a model sitting and posing for pics. Scaly-breasted munia usually makes its nest near human habitat. They easily get used to human p...

 Have a good look at your camera lens. See the number of nobs, number of rings, abbreviations, and various numbers written on it. Operating a lens Study the PDF below (to be used for educational purposes only) operating photography lens PDF Begin with removing and fixing your lens back on to the camera body. When doing for the first, and especially if its a new camera model, please consult the user manual also. Please do not use any extra pressure on any part of the camera. They are delicate. The process is, Align the mounting index dots, white to white (cropped frame), or red to red (full frame). The lens sits into the bayonet mount. Rotate the lens though the bayonet mount. For Nikon anti clockwise, and for canon clockwise. This may differ from brand to brand. Rotate till you hear the click/lock sound. Now it is fixed. To remove, keep pressed on the lens release button on the camera and rotate back. The lens comes off into your hand. Make sure you are holding the lens and camera...

  Lens is the eye of the camera. It brings light to the camera, to the image sensor. The image sensor captures only what the lens brings in. The quality of photograph will depend on the quality of the light brought in by the lens. A good lens and a good knowledge of the lens are important to arrive at good photography. Lenses come in varied sizes, prices and, of course, in varied brands. Lets try to understand photographic lenses before we begin to operate it. Understanding Lenses Study the PDF below (to be used for educational purposes only) Understanding Photography lenses PDF Focal length is the most important and prominent number mentioned on a lens. A lens is called by its focal length. Focal length is the distance from image sensor to the lens. It is stated in millimeter.  The practical outcome of varied focal length is that a shorter focal length generates a wider angle of vision. A longer focal length generates a narrower angle of vision, but has the capacity to see f...